Birmaniya yahoze yohereza umuceri mwinshi ku isi, yashyizeho politiki ya guverinoma yo kuba umuceri wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isi. Hamwe n’inyungu nyinshi inganda z’umuceri za Miyanimari zigomba gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, Miyanimari yabaye ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kizwi cyane ku isi cy’umuceri n’inganda zijyanye nabyo Biteganijwe ko ikigo cy’ishoramari kizaba kimwe mu bihugu bitanu byambere byohereza umuceri ku isi nyuma y’imyaka 10.
Birmaniya nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikoresha umuceri kandi kikaba cyarigeze kohereza umuceri mwinshi ku isi. Kurya kilo 210 gusa z'umuceri kuri buri muntu, Miyanimari hafi 75% by'ibiribwa bya Birmaniya. Icyakora, kubera imyaka myinshi ibihano byubukungu, ibicuruzwa byumuceri byoherezwa mu mahanga byagize ingaruka. Mu gihe ubukungu bwa Birmaniya bugenda bwiyongera, Miyanimari irateganya kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa kabiri. Icyo gihe, Tayilande, Vietnam na Kamboje bizaba bifite ikibazo runaka cyo guhangana n’umwanya ukomeye w’umuceri.
Mbere, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi ya Miyanimari yavuze ko buri mwaka itangwa ry’umuceri usukuye ari toni miliyoni 12.9, toni miliyoni 11 zikaba zisabwa n’imbere mu gihugu. Biteganijwe ko umuceri wa Miyanimari woherezwa mu mahanga wazamutse ugera kuri toni miliyoni 2.5 mu 2014-2015, ugereranije n’umwaka uteganijwe kuba toni miliyoni 1.8 muri Mata. Biravugwa ko abaturage barenga 70% ba Miyanimari bakora ubucuruzi bujyanye n’umuceri. Umwaka ushize inganda z'umuceri zatanze hafi 13% by'umusaruro rusange w’imbere mu gihugu, Ubushinwa bukaba hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa byose
Raporo y'umwaka ushize na Banki ishinzwe iterambere muri Aziya (ADB), ivuga ko Miyanimari ifite amahirwe yo kuba umusaruro muke, ubutaka bunini, umutungo w'amazi uhagije n'abakozi. Imiterere karemano yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi muri Miyanimari ni nziza, ituwe cyane, kandi n'ubutaka buri hejuru kuva mu majyaruguru kugera mu majyepfo. Irrawaddy Delta yo muri Birmaniya irangwa n'inzira zihagaritse kandi zitambitse, ibyuzi byimbitse, ubutaka bworoshye kandi burumbuka n'inzira y'amazi yoroshye. Bizwi kandi nka Gramary ya Birmaniya. Nk’uko abayobozi ba leta ya Miyanimari babitangaza ngo ubuso bwa Delta ya Irrawaddy muri Miyanimari ni bunini kuruta Mekong muri Vietnam bityo bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo kongera umuceri no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Muri iki gihe, Birmaniya ihura n'ikindi kibazo mu kuvugurura inganda z'umuceri. Hafi ya 80% by'uruganda rw'umuceri muri Miyanimari ni ntoya kandi imashini zisya umuceri zishaje. Ntibashobora gusya umuceri mubisabwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga Mubice byiza, bigatuma umuceri umeneka kuruta Tayilande na Vietnam 20%. Ibi bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo kohereza mu mahanga ibikoresho by’ibinyampeke mu gihugu cyacu
Birmaniya ifitanye isano n’imiterere y’Ubushinwa kandi ni umuturanyi w’inshuti w’Ubushinwa. Imiterere karemano yayo ni nziza kandi umutungo wacyo urakize cyane. Ubuhinzi ni ishingiro ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu cya Miyanimari. Umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ubarirwa hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu kandi ibyoherezwa mu buhinzi biva hafi kimwe cya kane cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Birimaniya ifite hegitari zirenga miliyoni 16 z'ubutaka bwuguruye, ubutaka butagira ubutayu n'ubutayu bugomba gutezwa imbere, n'ubuhinzi Ubushobozi bukomeye bwiterambere. Guverinoma ya Miyanimari iha agaciro kanini iterambere ry’ubuhinzi kandi ikurura cyane ishoramari ry’amahanga mu buhinzi. Muri icyo gihe, inateza imbere kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nka rubber, ibishyimbo n'umuceri mu bihugu byose ku isi. Nyuma ya 1988, Birmaniya yashyize imbere ubuhinzi bwiterambere. Hashingiwe ku guteza imbere ubuhinzi, Miyanimari yazanye iterambere ry’ingeri zose mu bukungu bw’igihugu cyane cyane iterambere ry’imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi zijyanye n’ubuhinzi.
Dufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gutunganya ibiribwa mugihugu cyacu kandi birenze ubushobozi bwo gutunganya. Dufite ibyiza bimwe muburyo bwo gutunganya ubwoko bwibiryo bimwe. Guverinoma y'Ubushinwa kandi ishishikariza inganda zitunganya ingano n'ibiribwa gusohoka. Muri rusange, kubera ko Miyanimari yakajije umurego mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi no kubaka ibikorwa remezo mu myaka yashize, hakenerwa imashini zikoreshwa mu buhinzi n’imashini y'ibiribwa. Ibi byatanze amahirwe kubakora mubushinwa kwinjira mumasoko ya Miyanimari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-03-2013