Uburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta aribwa: Kugabanya amazi

Igikorwa cyo gutesha agaciro uruganda rutunganya amavuta nugukuraho umwanda wamavuta mumavuta ya peteroli hakoreshejwe uburyo bwumubiri cyangwa imiti, kandi nicyiciro cyambere mugutunganya amavuta / gutunganya. Nyuma yo gukanda imashini no gukuramo ibishishwa biva mu mbuto zamavuta, amavuta ya peteroli arimo ahanini triglyceride na bike bitari triglyceride. Ibigize bitari triglyceride birimo fosifolipide, proteyine, flegmatike hamwe nisukari byakorana na triglyceride kugirango bibe colloid, izwi kwizina rya gum.

Umwanda w'amase ntugira ingaruka gusa ku guhagarara kw'amavuta gusa ahubwo unagira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutunganya amavuta no kuyatunganya byimbitse. Kurugero, amavuta adafite isuku biroroshye gukora amavuta ya emulisiyasi mugikorwa cyo gutunganya alkaline, bityo bikongerera ingorane zo gukora, gutakaza amavuta, no gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha; mugikorwa cya decolorisation, amavuta adasukuye azongera ikoreshwa rya adsorbent kandi bigabanye gukora neza. Kubwibyo rero, kuvanaho amenyo birakenewe nkintambwe yambere mugutunganya amavuta mbere yo gukuraho amavuta, decolorisation yamavuta, hamwe na deodorizasi yamavuta.

Uburyo bwihariye bwo gutesha agaciro harimo hydrated degumming (amazi degumming), gutunganya aside degumming, uburyo bwo gutunganya alkali, uburyo bwa adsorption, electropolymerisation hamwe nuburyo bwa polymerisme yumuriro. Muburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta aribwa, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni hydrated degumming, ishobora gukuramo fosifolipide hydratable na fosifolipide zimwe na zimwe zidafite hydratif, mugihe fosifolipide isigaye idafite hydrata igomba gukurwaho na aside itunganya degumming.

1. Ihame ryakazi rya hydrated degumming (degumming water)
Amavuta ya peteroli ava mubikorwa byo gukuramo ibishishwa arimo ibice bishonga byamazi, bigizwe ahanini na fosifolipide, bigomba kuvanwa mumavuta kugirango imvura igwe neza kandi iture mugihe cyo gutwara peteroli no kubika igihe kirekire. Umwanda w'ishinya nka fosifolipide ufite ibiranga hydrophilique. Mbere ya byose, urashobora kubyutsa no kongeramo umubare munini wamazi ashyushye cyangwa electrolyte yumuti wamazi nkumunyu & fosifori aside mumavuta ashyushye. Nyuma yigihe runaka cyo kubyitwaramo, umwanda wigifu washyizwe hamwe, ukagabanuka kandi ugakurwa mumavuta. Muri hydrated degumming process, umwanda ahanini ni fosifolipide, hamwe na proteine ​​nkeya, glyceryl diglyceride, na mucilage. Ikirenzeho, amenyo yakuweho ashobora gutunganyirizwa muri lecithine kubiryo, ibiryo by'amatungo cyangwa kubikoresha tekiniki.

2. Inzira ya hydrated degumming (degumming water)
Igikorwa cyo gutesha agaciro amazi kirimo kongeramo amazi mumavuta ya peteroli, kuyobya ibice byamazi ashonga, hanyuma ugakuraho ibyinshi muri byo ukoresheje centrifugal. Icyiciro cyumucyo nyuma yo gutandukana kwa centrifugal ni amavuta yangiritse, kandi icyiciro kiremereye nyuma yo gutandukana kwa centrifugal ni uguhuza amazi, ibice byamazi byamazi hamwe namavuta yashizwemo, hamwe bita "amenyo". Amavuta ya degummed yumye arumishwa hanyuma akonjeshwa mbere yo koherezwa mububiko. Amenyo asubizwa mu ifunguro.

Mu ruganda rutunganya amavuta, imashini ya degumming hydrated irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nimashini ya deacidification yamavuta, imashini ya decolorisation, hamwe nimashini ya deodorizing, kandi izo mashini nizo zigizwe numurongo utunganya amavuta. Umurongo wo kweza washyizwe muburyo bwigihe kimwe, igice cyakomeje, nubwoko bukomeza. Umukiriya ashobora guhitamo ubwoko akurikije ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubyaza umusaruro: uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwa 1-10t kumunsi rukwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho byigihe kimwe, 20-50t kumunsi uruganda rukwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho byubwoko butandukanye, bitanga umusaruro ibirenga 50t kumunsi birakwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho byubwoko bikomeza. Ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa ni umurongo utanga hydrated degumming umurongo.