Uburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta aribwa: Gutanga amazi

Igikorwa cyo gutesha agaciro uruganda rutunganya amavuta nugukuraho umwanda wamavuta mumavuta ukoresheje uburyo bwumubiri cyangwa imiti, kandi nicyiciro cyambere mugutunganya amavuta / gutunganya.Nyuma yo gukanda no gukuramo ibishishwa biva mu mbuto zamavuta, amavuta ya peteroli arimo triglyceride na bike bitari triglyceride.Ibintu bitarimo triglyceride birimo fosifolipide, proteyine, flegmatike hamwe nisukari byakorana na triglyceride kugirango bibe colloid, izwi kwizina rya gum.

Umwanda w'amase ntugira ingaruka gusa ku mavuta gusa ahubwo unagira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gutunganya amavuta no kuyatunganya cyane.Kurugero, amavuta adasuzuguritse biroroshye gukora amavuta ya emulisile mugikorwa cyo gutunganya alkaline, bityo bikongerera ingorane zo gukora, gutakaza amavuta, no gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha;muburyo bwa decolorisation, amavuta adasukuye azongera ikoreshwa rya adsorbent kandi bigabanye gukora neza.Kubwibyo, gukuramo amenyo birakenewe nkintambwe yambere mugutunganya amavuta mbere yo gukuraho amavuta, decolorisation yamavuta, hamwe na deodorizasi ya peteroli.

Uburyo bwihariye bwo gutesha agaciro harimo hydrated degumming (amazi degumming), gutunganya aside degumming, uburyo bwo gutunganya alkali, uburyo bwa adsorption, electropolymerisation hamwe nuburyo bwa polymerisiyumu.Muburyo bwo gutunganya amavuta aribwa, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni hydrated degumming, ishobora gukuramo hydratable fosifolipide hamwe na fosifolipide idafite hydratable, mugihe fosifolipide isigaye idafite hydrata ikenera gukurwaho na aside itunganya degumming.

1. Ihame ryakazi rya hydrated degumming (amazi degumming)
Amavuta ya peteroli avuye mubikorwa byo gukuramo ibishishwa arimo ibishishwa byamazi, cyane cyane bigizwe na fosifolipide, bigomba gukurwa mumavuta kugirango bigabanye imvura nkeya no gutura mugihe cyo gutwara peteroli no kubika igihe kirekire.Imyanda yumubiri nka fosifolipide ifite ibiranga hydrophilique.Mbere ya byose, urashobora kubyutsa no kongeramo umubare munini wamazi ashyushye cyangwa electrolyte yumuti wamazi nkumunyu & fosifori acide kumavuta ashyushye.Nyuma yigihe runaka cyo kubyitwaramo, imyanda yumubyimba yegeranye, igabanuka kandi ikurwa mumavuta.Muburyo bwa hydrated degumming, umwanda ahanini ni fosifolipide, hamwe na proteine ​​nkeya, glyceryl diglyceride, na mucilage.Ikirenzeho, amenyo yakuweho ashobora gutunganyirizwa muri lecithine kubiryo, ibiryo by'amatungo cyangwa kubikoresha tekiniki.

2. Inzira ya hydrated degumming (degumming water)
Igikorwa cyo gutesha agaciro amazi kirimo kongeramo amazi mumavuta ya peteroli, kuyobya amazi ibishonga, hanyuma ugakuramo ibyinshi binyuze mukutandukanya centrifugal.Icyiciro cyumucyo nyuma yo gutandukana kwa centrifugal ni amavuta yangiritse, naho icyiciro kiremereye nyuma yo gutandukana kwa centrifugal ni uguhuza amazi, ibishishwa byamazi hamwe namavuta yashizwemo, hamwe bita "amenyo".Amavuta ya degummed yumye arumishwa hanyuma akonjeshwa mbere yo koherezwa mububiko.Amenyo asubizwa ku ifunguro.

Mu ruganda rutunganya amavuta, imashini ya degrated hydrated irashobora gukorerwa hamwe na mashini ya deacidification yamavuta, imashini ya decolorisation, hamwe na deodorizing, kandi izo mashini zigizwe numurongo utunganya amavuta.Umurongo wo kweza washyizwe muburyo bwigihe gito, ubwoko bwakomeje, nubwoko bukomeza.Umukiriya ashobora guhitamo ubwoko akurikije ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora: uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora 1-10t kumunsi birakwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho byigihe gito, 20-50t kumunsi uruganda rukwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho byubwoko butandukanye, bitanga umusaruro ibirenga 50t kumunsi birakwiriye gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeza byuzuye.Ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa nubwoko bwa hydrated degumming umurongo.