Umurongo wamavuta yintoki
Ibisobanuro
Imikindo ikura mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Afurika, mu majyepfo y’amahoro, no mu turere dushyuha muri Amerika yepfo.Yatangiriye muri Afurika, yinjizwa mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19.Igiti cy'imikindo yo mu gasozi na kimwe cya kabiri muri Afurika cyitwa dura, hamwe no korora, gikura ubwoko bwitwa tenera hamwe n'amavuta menshi hamwe nigishishwa cyoroshye.Kuva mu myaka ya za 60 ishize, hafi y'ibiti by'imikindo bigurishwa ni tenera.Imbuto z'imikindo zishobora gusarurwa umwaka wose.
Ibiro byimbuto birimo amavuta yintoki na fibre, kandi intungamubiri zigizwe ahanini namavuta meza yintoki, Amylum, hamwe nimirire.Amavuta yintoki agenewe guteka naho amavuta yintoki ya palm agenewe kwisiga.
Ibisobanuro bya tekinoroji
Amavuta yintoki arimo ibigazi, ibishishwa birimo ubuhehere bwinshi na lipase ikungahaye.Mubisanzwe dukoresha uburyo bwo gukanda kugirango tubyare kandi iri koranabuhanga rirakuze cyane.Mbere yo gukanda, imbuto nziza zimbuto zizajyanwa muri sterilisateur no gusya kugirango zivurwe mbere.Nyuma yo gupima FFB, yapakiwe convoyeur ya FFB yipakurura ramp, hanyuma FFB igezwa kuri vertical sterilizer.FFB izahagarikwa muri sterilizer, FFB izashyuha kandi ihindurwe inshuro nyinshi kugirango wirinde lipase.Nyuma yo kuboneza urubyaro, FFB ikwirakwizwa na convoyeur hamwe na mashini ya bunch ya federasiyo hanyuma ikinjira mumashini itandukanya imbuto yimikindo na bunch.Amababi yubusa ashyikirizwa urubuga rwo gupakira no kuyajyana hanze yuruganda mugihe cyagenwe, igitereko cyubusa gishobora gukoreshwa nkifumbire no kugisubiramo;Imbuto z'imikindo zanyuze kuri sterilizeri hamwe no gutunganya thresher zigomba koherezwa kuri digester hanyuma ukajya kuri progaramu idasanzwe kugirango ubone amavuta yintoki (CPO) avuye mumashanyarazi.Ariko amavuta yimikindo akanda arimo amazi menshi numwanda ukenera gusobanurwa nigishishwa cyumucanga no kuvurwa na ecran ya vibrasiya, nyuma CPO ikoherezwa mubice byo kuvura sitasiyo.Kuri cake ya fibre itose ikorwa na progaramu ya screw, nyuma yo gutandukanya ibinyomoro, bizoherezwa munzu yo gutwika.
Cake ya fibre itose irimo fibre itose hamwe nutubuto dutose, fibre irimo amavuta n'ibinure hafi 6-7% n'amazi make.Mbere yo gukanda ibinyomoro, tugomba gutandukanya ibinyomoro na fibre.Ubwa mbere, fibre itose hamwe nibitonyanga bitose byinjira mumashanyarazi ya cake kugirango bicike, kandi ahanini fibre igomba gutandukanywa na pneumatic fibre depericarper sisitemu.Ibinyomoro, fibre nkeya hamwe numwanda mwinshi bizarushaho gutandukanywa ningoma ya polishinge.Ibinyomoro bitandukanijwe bigomba koherezwa muri nut hopper binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutwara pneumatike, hanyuma ugafata urusyo rwa ripple kugirango ucike ibinyomoro, nyuma yo guturika, igice kinini cyigikonoshwa na kernel bizatandukanywa na sisitemu ivanze ivanze, nibindi bisigaye bivanze ya kernel & shell winjire muburyo bwihariye bwibumba bwo gutandukanya sisitemu yo kubitandukanya.Nyuma yo gutunganya, dushobora kubona intungamubiri zera (Igikonoshwa kiri muri kernel <6%), kigomba kugezwa kuri silo ya silo kugirango yumuke.Nyuma yubushuhe bwumye nka 7%, intungamubiri zizashyikirizwa ububiko bwo kubika ububiko;Mubisanzwe igipimo cyintoki yumye ni 4%.Igomba rero gukusanywa kugeza ku bwinshi, hanyuma ikoherezwa mu ruganda rwamavuta yintoki;Kubikonoshwa byatandukanijwe, bigomba koherezwa mugikonoshwa cyigihe gito nkibicanwa byabigenewe.
Nyuma ya ecran na trap trap, amavuta yintoki agomba koherezwa mumavuta ya peteroli nubushyuhe, hanyuma akavomwa ikigega gisobanutse kugirango gitandukane amavuta asukuye yoherezwa mumavuta meza hamwe namavuta ya siliveri yoherezwa mukigega cya shitingi, aho nyuma yamavuta ya siliveri agomba kuvomwa kuri centrifuge kugirango atandukane, amavuta yatandukanijwe yongeye kwinjira mubigega bisobanutse byongeye;Amavuta meza mumatungo meza agomba koherezwa mubisukura amavuta, hanyuma akinjira mumashanyarazi, amaherezo amavuta yumye agomba kuvoma ikigega cyo gukusanya.
Ibipimo bya tekiniki
| Ubushobozi | 1 TPH | Igipimo cyo gukuramo peteroli | 20 ～ 22% |
| Ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri FFB | ≥24% | Ibirimo muri FFB | 4% |
| igikonoshwa muri FFB | ≥6 ～ 7% | Ibirimo bya fibre muri FFB | 12 ～ 15% |
| Ibirimo ubusa muri FFB | 23% | Kanda kuri cake muri FFB | 24% |
| Ibikomoka kuri peteroli mubusa | 5% | Ubushuhe bwubusa | 63% |
| Icyiciro gikomeye mubice byubusa | 32% | Ibirimo amavuta muri keke | 6% |
| Amazi arimo cake | 40% | Icyiciro gikomeye muri keke | 54% |
| Amavuta arimo ibinyomoro | 0.08% | Amavuta arimo metero itose icyiciro kiremereye | 1% |
| Ibikomoka kuri peteroli kuri metero ikomeye | 3.5% | Ibikomoka kuri peteroli mumasoko ya nyuma | 0,6% |
| Imbuto mubusa | 0,05% | Igiteranyo cyose | 1.5% |
| Gukuramo neza | 93% | Gukora neza kwa Kernel | 93% |
| Intungamubiri mubice byubusa | 0,05% | Ibigize intungamubiri muri fibre fibre | 0.15% |
| Ibirimo muri LTDS | 0.15% | Ibirimo intungamubiri mugikonoshwa cyumye | 2% |
| Ibigize intungamubiri mugikonoshwa | 2,5% |
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